We use internet every day for phone calls, entertainment, information, gaming etc. But have you ever imagined HOW IT WORKS?
First thing which you should know is that all the computers, phones and other devices which we use day-to-day are connected to each other through WIRES, yes you read correctly! Your phone is indirectly connected to internet tower in your locality, the tower in turn is connected to wire. The wires are connected to each and every device which is on Internet. These wires connect the whole world through a network of submarine cables. You can visit a Submarine Cable Map on website (http://submarinecablemap.com)The Submarine optical cables are laid down by big companies. An optic fibre cable looks like:
These cables are connected to data centres all over the world. The blog which you are viewing now has an address, just like your home, this is called IP address. Instead of addresses with a street name, city, zip code and country name, we use IP addresses.
Your computer first asks the DNS (Domain Name System) to translate the site name into an IP address. (Since humans find it difficult to read and remember IP addresses Domain Name System is used) It works a little bit like old-fashioned phonebooks where you can look up the name of the person you want to contact and find their phone number and address. An IP address has a Network ID and Host id.
When you send a letter, it needs to have certain features to be delivered correctly: an address, a stamp, etc. You also use a language that the receiver understands, right? The same applies to the data packets you send to see a website. We use a protocol called HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
So, basically, when you have a website, you need to have a server(machine) where it lives. When the server receives an incoming request (in a letter), it sends back your website (in another letter).
This is how the internet works.
Written by:
Nidhi Patel
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